Bevande energetiche
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Integratori
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21. Schroeder C, et al. The effects of creatine dietary supplementation on anterior compartment pressure in the lower leg during rest and following exercise. Clin J Sport Med 2001;11(2):87-95.
22. Gross M, et al. Ribose administration during exercise: effects on substrates and products of energy metabolism in healthy subjects and a patient with myoadenylate deaminase deficiency. Klin Wochenschr 1991;69(4):151-5.
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25. Van Gammeren D, et al. The effects of four weeks of ribose supplementation on body composition and exercise performance in healthy, young, male recreational bodybuilders: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Curr Ther Res 2002;63(8):486-95.
26. van Hall G, et al. Ingestion of branched-chain amino acids and tryptophan during sustained exercise in man: failure to affect performance. J Physiol 1995;486(Pt 3):789-94.
27. Davis JM, et al. Effects of branched-chain amino acids and carbohydrate on fatigue during intermittent, high-intensity running. Int J Sports Med 1999;20(5):309-14.
28. Meeusen R, et al. The brain and fatigue: new opportunities for nutritional interventions? J Sports Sci 2006;24(7):773-82.
29. Shimomura Y, et al. Exercise promotes BCAA catabolism: effects of BCAA supplementation on skeletal muscle during exercise. J Nutr 2004;134(6 Suppl):1583S-1587S.
30. Ohtani M, et al. Amino acid mixture improves training efficiency in athletes. J Nutr 2006;136(2):538S-43S.
31. Slater GJ, Jenkins D. Beta-hydroxy-Beta-methylbutyrate (HMB) supplementation and the promotion of muscle growthand strength. Sports Med 2000;30(2):105-16.
32. Sweeney K, et al. The effect of b-alanine supplementation on power production during repeated sprint activity. J Strength Cond Res 2010;24(1):79-87.
33. Van Thienen R, et al. Beta-alanine improves sprint performance in endurance cycling. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2009;41(4):898-903.
34. Harris RC, et al. The absorption of orally supplied Beta-alanine and its effect on muscle carnosine synthesis in human vastus lateralis. Amino Acids 2006;30(3):279-89.
35. Bain MA, et al. Disposition and metabolite kinetics of oral L-carnitine in humans. J Clin Pharmacol 2006;46(10):1163-1170.
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37. Oopik V, et al. Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners. Br J Sports Med 2003;37(6):485-9.
38. Bates N. Poisoning: sodium chloride and sodium bicarbonate. Emerg Nurse 2003;11(2):33-7.
39. Green GA, et al. Analysis of over-the counter dietary supplements. Clin J Sport Med 2001;11(4):254-9.
40. Maughan RJ. Contamination of dietary supplements and positive drug tests in sport. J Sports Sci 2005;23(9):883-9.
41. Baume N, et al. Research of stimulants and anabolic steroids in dietary supplements. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2006;16(1):41-8.
Cannabis
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2. Hall W. Adverse health effects of non-medical cannabis use. Lancet 2009;374(9698):1383-1391.
3. Bhattacharyya S, et al. Induction of psychosis by Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol reflects modulation of prefrontal and striatal function during attentional salience processing. Arch Gen Psychiatry 2012;69(1):27-36.
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5. Sewell R A, et al. The Effect of Cannabis compared with alcohol on driving Am J Addict.Am J Addict. 2009; 18(3): 185-193.
6. Gerberich SG, et al. Marijuana use and injury events resulting in hospitalization. Ann Epidemiol 2003;13(4):230-237.
7. Mura P, et al. Comparison of the prevalence of alcohol, cannabis and other drugs between 900 injured drivers and 900 control subjects: results of a French collaborative study. Forensic Sci Int 2003;133(1-2):79-85.
8. Ramaekers JG, et al. Dose related risk of motor vehicle crashes after cannabis use. Drug Alcohol Depend 2004;73(2):109-119.
9. Moving L, et al. Psychoactive substance use and the risk of motor vehicle accidents. Accid Anal Prev 2004;36(4):631-636.
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12. Ronen A, et al. Effects of THC on driving performance, physiological state and subjective feelings relative to alcohol. Acc Anal Prev 2008;40(3):926-934.
13. Karschner EL, et al. Implications of plasma Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, 11-hydroxy-THC, and 11-nor-9-carboxy-THC concentrations in chronic cannabis smokers. J Anal Toxicol 2009;33(8):469-77.
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17. Lessem JM, et al. Relationship between adolescent marijuana use and young adult illicit drug use. Behav Genet 2006 Jul;36(4):498-506.
18. Buckman JF, et al. Risk profile of male college athletes who use performance enhancing substances. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2009;70(6):919-923.
19. Higgins JP, et al., Energy beverages: content and safety. Mayo Clin Proc 2010;85(11):1033-41.
20. Bishop D. Dietary supplements and team-sport performance. Sports Med 2010;40(12):995-1017.
Stimolanti del sistema nervoso
1. Deventer K, et al. Prevalence of legal and illegal stimulating agents in sports. Anal Bioanal Chem 2011;401(2):421-32.
2. Strano Rossi S, BotrË F. Prevalence of illicit drug use among the Italian athlete population with special attention on drugs of abuse: a 10-year review. J Sports Sci 2011;29(5):471-6.
3. Lynch GS, Schertzer JD, Ryall JG. Anabolic agents for improving muscle regeneration and function after injury. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2008;35(7):852-8.
4. Armstrong DJ, Mottram DR. Beta-2 agonists. In: Mottram DR, editor. Drugs in sport. 5th ed. London: Mottram DR; 2011, p. 98-114 [Chapter 6].
5. Mottram DR. Stimulants. In: Mottram DR, editor. Drugs in sport. 5th ed. London: Mottram DR; 2011. p. 172-192 [Chapter 12].
6. Docherty JR. Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA). Br J Pharmacol 2008;154(3):606-22.
7. Nikolopoulos DD, et al. Doping and musculoskeletal system: short-term and long-lasting effects of doping agents. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 2011;25(5):535-63.
8. Mittleman MA, et al. Triggering of myocardial infarction by cocaine. Circulation 1999;99(21):2737-2741.
9. Al-Sahli W, et al. Effects of methylenedioxymethamphetamine on noradrenaline- evoked contractions of rat right ventricle and small mesenteric artery. Eur J Pharmacol 2001;422(1-3):169-174.
10. Drezner JA. Sudden cardiac death in young athletes. Causes, athleteís heart, and screening guidelines. Postgrad Med 2000;108(5):37-44,47-50.
11. Haller CA, Benowitz NL. Adverse cardiovascular and central nervous system events associated with dietary supplements containing ephedra alkaloids. N Engl J Med 2000;343(25):1833-8.
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Ormoni androgeni e steroidi anabolizzanti
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7. Velazquez I, Alter BP. Androgens and liver tumors: Fanconiís anemia and non-Fanconiís conditions. Am J of Hematol 2004;77(3):257-67.
8. Tentori L, Graziani G. Doping with growth hormone/IGF-1, anabolic steroids or erythropoietin: is there a cancer risk? Pharmacol Res 2007;55(5):359-69.
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15. Creagh TM, Rubin A, Evans DJ. Hepatic tumours induced by anabolic steroids in an athlete. J Clin Pathol 1988;41(4):441-3.
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26. Roberts JT, Essenhigh DM. Adenocarcinoma of prostate in 40-year-old body-builder. Lancet 1986;2(8509):742.
27. Street C, Antonio J, Cudlipp D. Androgen use by athletes: a reevaluation of the health risks. Can J Appl Physiol 1996;21(6):421-40.
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30. Kaaks R, et al. Serum sex steroids in premenopausal women and breast cancer risk within the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition (EPIC). J Natl Cancer Inst 2005;97(10):755-65.
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Ormone della crescita (GH)
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17. Ma J, Pollak MN, Giovannucci E, Chan JM, Tao Y, Hennekens CH, et al. Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk in men and plasma levels of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I and IGF-binding protein-3. J Natl Cancer Inst 1999;91(7):620–5.
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Eritropoietina
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6. Casadevall N, et al. Pure Red-Cell Aplasia and Antierythropoietin Antibodies in Patients Treated with Recombinant ErythropoietinN. Engl J Med 2002;346(7):469-475.
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21. Henke M, et al. Erythropoietin to treat head and neck cancer patients with anaemia undergoing radiotherapy: randomised, doubleblind, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet 2003;362(9392):1255-1260.
22. Leyland-Jones B, et al. Maintaining normal hemoglobin levels with epoetin a in mainly nonanemic patients with metastatic breast cancer receiving first-line chemotherapy: a survival study. J Clin Oncol 2005;23(25):5960-5972.
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